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Title : Cardiovascular System Intro
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Cardiovascular System Intro

Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System

The Cardiovascular (CV) System

Your heart and circulatory system make up the cardiovascular system. The walls of the

heart are a special muscle known as cardiac muscle. The conduction system causes that

cardiac muscle to beat, pumping blood to the organs, tissues, and cells of your body.

The one-way circulatory system carries blood to all parts of your body. Blood delivers

oxygen and nutrients to every cell and removes carbon dioxide and waste products.

Blood is carried from your heart to the rest of your body and back again through a

complex network of vessels (arteries and veins). Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood

away from your heart and veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to your heart. (In

pulmonary circulation, though, the roles are reversed. It is the pulmonary artery that

brings oxygen-poor blood into your lungs and the pulmonary vein that brings oxygen-rich

blood back to your heart.) Twenty major arteries branch into smaller vessels called

arterioles. Arterioles further branch into capillaries. Most capillaries are thinner than

a hair, so tiny that only one blood cell can move through them at a time. Once the

capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients and pick up carbon dioxide and other waste,

they move the blood back through wider vessels called venules. The venules join to

form veins, which deliver the blood back to your heart, and sends the blood to the lungs

to pick up oxygen.

The Blood

Blood is actually a tissue made of about 80% liquid. Plasma is the yellowish liquid

in the blood that carries the blood cells. Plasma is mostly water, but it also contains

proteins, salts, sugar (glucose), and other substances. Proteins in plasma carry

important nutrients to the body’s cells and strengthen the body’s immune system so it

can fight off infection. The solids in the blood are cells. Each of the three main types of

blood cells circulates within the plasma:

• Platelets (also called thrombocytes) help the blood to clot (thicken and stop flowing).

• Red blood cells (also called erythrocytes) carry oxygen and are the most plentiful.

• White blood cells (also called leukocytes) ward off infection. When the body is

fighting infection, it makes them in ever-increasing numbers (an important part of the

immune system at work). Still, most healthy adults have about 700 times as many red

blood cells as white ones.

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